Coupled-oscillator model to analyze the interaction between a quartz resonator and trapped ions

The novel application of a piezoelectric quartz resonator for the detection of trapped ions has enabled the observation of the quartz-ions interaction under nonequilibrium conditions, opening new perspectives for high-sensitive motional frequency measurements of radioactive particles. Energized quartz crystals have (long) decay-time constants in the order of milliseconds, permitting the coherent detection of charged particles within short time scales. In this paper we develop a detailed model governing the interaction between trapped 40Ca+ ions and a quartz resonator connected to a low-noise amplifier. We apply this model to experimental data and extract the ions’ reduced-cyclotron frequency in our 7-T Penning trap setup. We also obtain an upper limit for the coupling constant g with the present quartz-amplifier-trap (QAT) configuration. The study of the reduced-cyclotron frequency is especially important for the use of this resonator in precision Penning-trap mass spectrometry. The improvement in sensitivity can be accomplished by increasing the quality factor of the QAT configuration, which in turn will improve the performance of the system towards the strong-coupling regim

Educación inclusiva en Colombia y la Región del Caribe colombiano: Estrategias para mostrar

El presente artículo forma parte de los resultado de un proceso de investigación llevado a cabo por el Grupo de Investigación Andrés Bello de la Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez CURN, cuyo objetivo  general se orientó por mostrar y analizar las estrategias que en Colombia se han diseñado y actualmente se aplican para la Educación  Inclusiva desde la perspectiva socio-jurídica de la  filiación. De manera específica la intención del análisis se concentró en las estrategias de lo que en Colombia se viene desarrollando en materia de inclusión en el sector educativo.  Para tal fin se dispuso de una serie de técnicas de recolección de información y se planteó un diseño metodológico orientado por el método inductivo, con un tipo de investigación que retomó el enfoque de los postulados de la teoría crítica

Justicia y eficacia de la ley 1774 de 2016 en el trato de los humanos con los animales

With the implementation of shelters to care for animals in the main cities of the country, the approach to good treatment with animals, called by current legislation, "sentient beings" began in Colombia. The general objective of this article was to analyze the considerations and interpretations that thinkers have made about justice (philosophers, sociologists and jurists), and the effectiveness of Law 1774 of 2016 in the treatment of humans with animals In Colombia. The specific objectives were identified by: review within the Colombian legal system aspects related to the protection of animals and the socio-legal consequences that this has generated; discern about the effectiveness of Law 1774 of 2016 regarding the relations of good treatment towards animals in the Colombian territory. The method used in this investigation was the Inductive, because it started from the understanding of the concept of justice towards the effectiveness of a legal standard such as Law 1774 of 2016 for the knowledge of the application of procedures in order to improve the conditions related to the treatment of animals. It is part of the investigations with an analytical - descriptive and qualitative approach, basically in those that fall within the scope of the Historical / Hermeneutical paradigm. The type of research defined is qualitative in nature with the use of techniques and strategies such as text analysis, interview, survey and observation. The conclusions reached in the article show the social and legal implications that are generated from animal abuse by humans, caused by the ignorance of the disadvantageous circumstances of the latter in terms of the ethics of care, protection and animal health.El presente artículo de investigación pretende demostrar que con la implementación de Albergues para cuidar animales en las ciudades principales del país, se iniciaba en Colombia el acercamiento hacia el buen trato con los animales, denominados por la legislación actual, “seres sintientes”. El objetivo general en este artículo hizo referencia a analizar  las consideraciones y las interpretaciones que sobre la justicia han hecho pensadores (filósofos, sociólogos y juristas), y la eficacia de la Ley 1774 de 2016 en las relaciones de trato de los humanos con los animales en Colombia. Los objetivos específicos se identificaron por: revisar en el interior del ordenamiento jurídico colombiano los aspectos  relacionados  con  la protección hacia  los animales y las consecuencias socio jurídicas que ello ha generado; discernir sobre la eficacia de la Ley 1774 de 2016 con respecto a la relaciones del buen trato hacia los animales en el territorio colombiano. El Método utilizado en esta investigación fue el Inductivo, porque partió de la comprensión del concepto de justicia hacia la eficacia de una norma jurídica como la Ley 1774 de 2016 para el conocimiento de  la aplicación de procedimientos de la misma en procura del mejoramiento de las condiciones relacionadas con el trato hacia los animales. Se enmarca en las investigaciones con enfoque analítico - descriptivo y cualitativo, básicamente en las que se inscriben en el ámbito del paradigma Histórico/Hermenéutico. El tipo de investigación definido es de naturaleza cualitativa con la utilización de técnicas y estrategias como el análisis de texto, la entrevista, la encuesta y la observación. Las conclusiones a las que se llegan en el artículo muestran las  implicaciones sociales y jurídicas que se generan a partir del maltrato animal por parte de los humanos, ocasionado por el desconocimiento de las circunstancias desventajosas de estos últimos en cuanto a la ética del cuidado, protección y salud de los animales

A Coupled-Oscillators Model to Analyze the Interaction between a Quartz Resonator and Trapped Ions

The novel application of a piezoelectric quartz resonator for the detection of trapped ions has developed in the observation of the quartz-ions interaction under non-equilibrium conditions, opening new perspectives for high-sensitive motional frequency measurements of radioactive particles. Energized quartz crystals have (long) constant-decay times in the order of milliseconds, permitting the coherent detection of charged particles within short times. In this publication we develop in detail a model governing the interaction between trapped $^{40}$Ca$^+$ ions and a quartz resonator connected to a low-noise amplifier. We apply this model to experimental data and extract relevant information like the coupling constant $g=2\pi \times 1.449(2)$~Hz and the ions' modified-cyclotron frequency in our 7-tesla Penning trap. The study on the latter is specially important for the use of this resonator in precision Penning-trap mass spectrometry. The improvement in sensitivity can be accomplished by increasing the coupling constant through the quality factor of the resonator. This can develop in the use of the hybrid quartz-ion system for other applications.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figure

Formation of two-ion crystals by injection from a Paul-trap source into a high-magnetic-field Penning trap

Two-ion crystals constitute a platform for investigations of quantum nature that can be extended to any ion species or charged particle provided one of the ions in the crystal can be directly laser cooled and manipulated with laser radiation. This paper presents the formation of two-ion crystals for quantum metrology in a 7-tesla open-ring Penning trap. 40Ca+ ions are produced either internally by photoionization or externally in a (Paul-trap) source, transported through the strong magnetic field gradient of the superconducting solenoid, and captured in-flight with a mean kinetic energy of a few electronvolts with respect to the minimum of the Penning-trap potential well. Laser cooling of the two-ion crystal in a strong magnetic field towards reaching the quantum regime is also presented, with particular emphasis on the cooling of the radial modes.Spanish Government PID2019-104093GB-I00/AEI/10.013 39/501100011033Andalusian Government P18FR-3432 PTA2018-016573-IFondo Operativo FEDER A-FQM-425-UGR18Spanish Government FPU17/02596University of Granada "Plan Propio -Programa de Intensificacion de la Investigacion" PP2017-PRI.I-04Laboratorios Singulares 2020European Research Council (ERC) European Commission 278648TRAPSENSOR MICINN/FEDER/UGR FPA2015-67694-P FPA2012-32076 UNGR10-1E501 UNGR13-1E-1830 EQC2018-005130-PJunta de AndaluciaEuropean Commission IE-5713 IE2017-5513Spanish MICINN ("Beatriz Galindo" Fellowship) BEAGAL18/00078German Research Foundation (DFG)European Commission SFB/CRC 122

Penning-trap eigenfrequency measurements with optical radiofrequency detectors

We use an electric-dipole laser-driven transition to precisely measure the cyclotron-frequency ratios of the pairs $^{42}$Ca$^+$-$^{40}$Ca$^+$, $^{44}$Ca$^+$-$^{40}$Ca$^+$ and $^{48}$Ca$^+$-$^{40}$Ca$^+$ in a 7-tesla Penning trap. A single laser-cooled ($T\approx 1$~mK) ion serves, together with photon-counting and/or photon-imaging units, as a radiofrequency detector covering a broad-band frequency spectrum, in the present case from kHz to a few MHz. Such detectors ($^{40,42,44,48}$Ca$^{\scriptsize{+}}$) allow measuring extremely small forces, with measured normalized sensitivities down to $7.4(3.5)$ yN$/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ and $24.9(9.9)$ yN$/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ in the MHz and kHz regime, respectively. The direct determination of the ions' amplitudes makes a cyclotron-frequency measurement process more robust against inhomogeneities of the magnetic field and/or deviations of the electric quadrupole field due to mechanical imperfections of the trap.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

El Desarrollo Sostenible y la Concepción de Justicia en los Seres Sintientes.

Through the ages, animals have not enjoyed Rights, and with the evolution of society, man has become aware that he is not alone in the world. The objective of the research is to interpret Hans Kelsen’s conception of justice, taking into account peace, justice and strong institutions within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The methodology is part of a descriptive and qualitative approach, is part of the Hermeneutical Method. Techniques such as documentary analysis are used as a source of information. In conclusion Kelsen refers to animals against a legal system that placed as a complement achieve a harmony with the objective 15 that refers to life on earth and objective 16 of Sustainable Development which refers to peace, justice and strong institutions and intends to reduce all forms of violence, against humans and by extension with animals, as a subjective right reflex in accordance with what was raised by Kant.A través de los tiempos los animales no han gozado de derechos; con la evolución de la sociedad el hombre se ha concientizado de que no está solo en el mundo. El objetivo de esta investigación es interpretar la concepción de justicia de Hans Kelsen, teniendo en cuenta la paz, justicia e instituciones fuertes al interior de los Objetivos del Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). La metodología se enmarca en un enfoque descriptivo y cualitativo que se inscribe en el ámbito del método hermenéutico. Se utilizan técnicas como el análisis documental como fuente de la información. En conclusión, Kelsen hace referencia a los animales frente a un ordenamiento jurídico que, colocados como complemento, logran una armonía con el objetivo 15 que se refere a la vida en la tierra y el objetivo 16 del Desarrollo Sostenible, el cual hace alusión a la paz, justicia e instituciones fuertes y se propone reducir todas las formas de violencia, contra los humanos y por extensión con los animales como un derecho subjetivo de acuerdo con lo planteado por Kant

Perceived emotional intelligence and bullying in adolescents.

El conocimiento de las personas sobre sus estados de ánimo y emociones así como la conciencia sobre la propia competencia emocional ha sido relacionado con diversos aspectos del ajuste psicológico tales como la adaptación a situaciones estresantes, la satisfacción vital y la menor sintomatología depresiva. Por otra parte, la participación en situaciones de bullying, pone de manifiesto un inadecuado ajuste en tanto en cuanto la persona participa, voluntaria o involuntariamente, en una situación inmoral e injusta. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar si existen variaciones en Inteligencia Emocional Percibida (IEP), en estudiantes de Secundaria, en función del rol desempeñado en situaciones de bullying: agresor, víctima, bully-victim o no implicado. La muestra estuvo formada por 4145 adolescentes españoles (47.2% chicas) pertenecientes a Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (12 a 16 años). Los instrumentos de evaluación fueron cuestionarios de autoinforme. Específicamente para valorar bullying se utilizó el “Cuestionario sobre Convivencia, Conflictos y Violencia Escolar (Secundaria)” (Ortega, Del Rey y Mora-Merchán, 2008) y para valorar IEP se utilizó la versión en español del Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24, Fernández-Berrocal, Extremera y Ramos, 2004). Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que víctimas y bully-victim muestran, en general, niveles significativamente más bajos de claridad emocional que los no implicados y agresores. Además, los alumnos no implicados en bullying manifiestan mejores niveles de reparación emocional que los implicados. En cuanto a la atención emocional aparecen importantes diferencias de género: entre chicos no hay diferencias significativas en función de los roles mientras que entre chicas las agresoras obtienen puntuaciones más elevadas que las no implicadas.People’s knowledge of their moods and emotions and their awareness of their emotional abilities have been related to various aspects of psychological adjustment: coping with stress, life satisfaction, fewer depressive symptoms. In addition, being involved in bullying shows an inadequate adjustment, given that the person takes part, voluntarily or not, in an immoral and unjust situation. The aim of this study was to analyze whether there are differences in Perceived Emotional Intelligence (PEI) in Secondary school pupils according to the role taken in bullying situations: aggressor, victim, bully-victim or not involved. The sample consisted of 4145 Spanish adolescents (47.2% females) from Compulsory Secondary Education (aged 12-16). Assessment was carried out through self-report questionnaires. The “Cuestionario sobre Convivencia, Conflictos y Violencia Escolar (Secundaria)” (Ortega, del Rey, & Mora-Merchán, 2008) was used to examine bullying and the Spanish version of The Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24; Fernández-Berrocal, Extremera, & Ramos, 2004) was used to assess Perceived Emotional Intelligence.Victims and bully-victim showed lower levels of clarity than those not involved and aggressors. In addition, not involved adolescents exhibit higher levels of repair than those involved in different roles. In relation to attention there are important gender differences. There are no differences according to roles in boys. On the other hand, aggressor girls show higher level of attention than those not involve

Formation of Two-Ion Crystals by Injection from a Paul-Trap Source into a High-Magnetic-Field Penning Trap

Two-ion crystals constitute a platform for investigations of quantum nature that can be extended to any ion species or charged particle provided one of the ions in the crystal can be directly laser-cooled and manipulated with laser radiation. This paper presents the formation of two-ion crystals for quantum metrology in a 7-tesla open-ring Penning trap. $^{40}$Ca$^+$ ions are produced either internally by photoionization or externally in a (Paul-trap) source, transported through the strong magnetic field gradient of the superconducting solenoid, and captured in-flight with a mean kinetic energy of a few electronvolts with respect to the minimum of the Penning-trap potential well. Laser cooling of the two-ion crystal in a strong magnetic field towards reaching the quantum regime is also presented with particular emphasis on the cooling of the radial modes